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强酸弱酸与强碱弱碱的中和模型

学习如何使用粒子、符号与滴定曲线表示酸碱中和。比较强弱反应物、当量点、缓冲溶液与共轭物种行为。

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两个相同浓度酸溶液的粒子图。HCl 样品中整体含有水合氢离子和氯离子，而乙酸样品中主要含有完整的酸分子，并含有少量水合氢离子和乙酸根离子。
相同的形式酸浓度可以具有非常不同的粒子组成：HCl 基本上完全电离，而乙酸仅部分电离。

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三条分别显示的滴定曲线：强酸与强碱的滴定在 pH 7 附近达到当量点；弱酸与强碱的滴定具有缓冲区域、半当量点，且当量点高于 pH 7；弱碱与强酸的滴定具有半当量点，且当量点低于 pH 7。
强酸-强碱滴定以 pH 7 附近为中心，而弱反应物会形成缓冲区域并改变当量点 pH。

Due to technical limitations, this figure may display incorrectly or contain inaccuracies. Please check key details against your course materials.

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